Water-cooled electrical apparatus



A. B. HENDR lCKS, Jn. WATER COOLED ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24, 1920.

1,394,899. 7 Patented 001;.25, 1921..

2 SHEETS-SHEET llnv ent lor Allan a. Hend ig ks Jr.

Hi Atborneyl A. B. HENDRICKS, In.

WATER COOLED ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 24,1920.

Patented Oct. 25, 1921..

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- Invento Allan B. Hendricks d1, y 49, 1

Hi5 Attorney.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' lmmnn. nnunmoxs, .m, or PITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR 'ro GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, A coaroaa'non or new vonx. I

, WATER-000L131) ELECTRICAL APPARATUS.

- To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, ALLAN B. HENDRICKS, Jr., a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Pittsfield, in "the county of Berkshire, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Water-' Cooled Electrical Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to water cooled electrical apparatus, or to incased apparatus which in addition to the main cooling and ventilating medium circulating in the cas ing employ an auxiliary medium, such as water, to cool the main medium. I

My invention has for its general object an improved arrangement of parts whereby a smaller, cheaper, and better cooled apparatus results than has-heretofore been obtainable from the practicesof the prior art.

Further objects of my invention are to 'dium such as oil, whereby 'theelectrical apparatusis rapidly cooled as a whole; also to eliminate the airspace .in the apparatus casing commonly occuring' above the oil and thereby avoid the attendant evils such as sludging; and to provideacompact and improved auxiliary oil reservoir in the casing, such as are commonly styled oil conservators in the prior art;

. In electrical apparatus equipped with auxili'ary 'cooling'systems, for instance water circulatmg means, it has been customary to provide tanks or casings of great height, as

compared with that of the apparatus within" the tank, in order to provide sufiicient head to insure the desired circulation by gravity of the main cooling medium, the coils in which circulates the auxiliary medium being more or less confined to the upper portions of such tanks. This practice has resulted in tall, bulky and expensive apparatus.

In the practice of my invention I avoid these shortcomings by employing a tank that is relatively not much higher than the electrical apparatus tobe housed and arrange the apparatus within the tank in a manner to insure a sufliciently rapid circulation of both the main and auxiliary cooling mediums to secure the desired, cooling efiect without resort to the great head of main cooling medium heretofore employed. This decrease in size of the tank employed totails in the tank construction.

gether with other advantageous arran ements which I will presently describe fuIly in detail enable me to accomplish the objects of my invention as above set forth.

A more complete understanding of the nature and objects of my invention may be had from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:

Specification of Letters Patent. I Patented Oct. 25, 1921. i I Appllcation filed February 24, 1920. Serial No. 360,912. i

,Figure' 1 shows in perspective a tank for transformers and the like constructed, in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a view, mainly in vertical section, showing de- Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the cooling coil removed, such as I employ in connection with my invention; and Fig. .4 is a fragmentary sectional view showing cooperating details of the winding on the electrical apparatus,

p k p which are employed to accomplish the imv provide an arrangement of parts affording a rapid circulation of the main cooling me-l proved cooling effect of my invention.

Referring now to the drawing, A represents generally the tank, which in large capacity apparatus is as arule' mounted on a; I

movable" base or frame, such as shown at B';

such base for this purpose being provided with wheels C. y 4

The tank A is shown as containing a transformer Tswhose score 11 is but a little below the cover. of the t'ank. About this transformer, adjacent the sides of the tank A are the coolingcoils 12 which extend along the Wall substantially from. the top of the tank] 'to a point adjacentpthe bottom which is at about the same height above it. as the lowermost coil of the winding, such winding .be

mg shown. at '13' on the 'transformershown in the drawings.

In order to provide a large and rapidly moving volume of auxiliary cooling medium, such as water to cool the oil or main medium in the-tank, preferably employ a plurality of coils, here shown as two, connected to convey parallel streams of themedium. The

of the spirals of the cooling coil and by 1 making them of relatively small diameter, the medium circulating therein is adapted quickly to absorb large quantities of heat.

The convolutions of these spirals are secured by means of suitable clamps, shown at 18, bolted to a number of uprights 19 which are removably secured to the wall of the tank A. The coils as a whole may thus be bodily removed from the tank A when the securing devices have been unloo'sed, and the inlets 14 and 15, and outlets 20 and 21 removed from their stufling glands, such as shown at 22 in Fig. 1, which are provided therefor in the walls of the tank.

The winding 13, in order to cooperate in achieving the rapid cooling effect of my invention, is designed to deflect, at a plurality of points, the circulating oil so that it impinges directly against the coils 12 in parallel streams. This is accomplished by locating suitable baffles, as shown at 25 in Fig. 4, among the turns of the winding, which winding is preferably composed of horizontal disk-coils. The oil which flows in,.in large volume over the spacers 26 at the base of the winding stack, is deflected outward against the cooling coils in a plurality of snperposed streams substantially throughout the whole height of the cooling coils. In this manner the heat generated in the winding 13 is quickly dissipated and to this end the clearances between the winding and the cooling coils are made as small as is electrically permissible.

As before pointed out, in cooling in accordance with my invention relatively little head of oil to induce gravity circulation of oil, is employed by me; hence the cover for the tank is placed as close to the top of the electrical apparatus within the tank as is electrically feasible, the oil level reaching up to the cover. To provide for the expansion and contraction of the oil under these circumstances, I form the cover itself with an expansion chamber 30, the oil level within this chamber being indicated at S, a float device as at 31 being conveniently employed to indicate this level on the exterior of the tank. The communication between the interior of chamber 30 with tank A is preferably guarded by a suitable trap as indicated at 32 to prevent the passage of water or What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is:

1. In incased electrical apparatus having main and auxiliary cooling mediums, the combination with cooling coils, of a winding arranged in close proximity thereto having means arranged to deflect laterally the vertically rising streams of the main medium against said coils in a plurality of parallel streams.

2. In incased electrical apparatus having main and auxiliary cooling mediums, the

combination with cooling coils arranged to conduct a plurality of'parallel streams ofauxiliary cooling mediums, of a winding adjacent thereto and means interleaved therewith arranged to deflect the main medium against said coils in' a:plurality of superposed parallel streams.

8. The combination with a casing, of an electrical apparatus having a winding composed of coils spacedapart to form ventilating passages housed therein and adapted to be cooled by a main medium contained in said casing, coolingcoils for an auxiliary medium distributed along the walls of said casing opposite said ventilating openings, and a chambered cover for said casing having a centrally depressed bottom below the level of said main medium; the chamber being adapted to serve as an expansion chamber for said main medium, and the bottom to serve as a top deflector for the vertically rising streams of main medium.

In witness whereot,'I have hereunto set my hand this 19th day of Feb, 1920.

ALLAN B. HENDRICKS, J R. 

